Distillation is a process of separating the component substances from a liquid mixture by selective evaporation and condensation. Distillation may result in essentially complete separation (nearly pure components), or it may be a partial separation that increases the concentration of selected components of the mixture. Most of the chemistry students might have done distillation in the laboratory.
Given below is a slokha from Rasaratnasamuchaya 9.47-49 and its translations which shows how ancient Indian rishis were using the process of distillation for various purposes...............
Place the chemical in a vessel provided with a long tube immersed in an inclined position which enters into another vessel arranged as a receiver.
The mouth of the vessel and the joints should be sealed with clay and cloth. Now put a strong fire at the bottom of the vessel containing the chemicals, while, the other vessel is in cold water. This apparatus (used for distillation) is called Tiryakpatanam.
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